Averaging a white sequence, and averaging a pink one
Drawn above at its default parameters, which is almost never how an essay calls it. A placement states the numbers that essay is arguing about, so the figure a reader meets is about that argument rather than about the generator — 98% of the placements on this site pass one, and the phase that raised that number from 12% found eight captions describing a figure the page was not showing.
At those defaults the edge it states is exponent -0.09 against -0.51 — the right-hand slot
of the caption strip, which on this site is never used for anything else, and which is read
back out of the drawing above rather than out of the code that wrote it.
It belongs to The floor, and what is under it, which is to say a change to it is a
change to lib/figures/noise.js.
It takes a slider on bottom of the 1/f band (hertz) with 6 settings,
and every one of them has passed the same assertions as the frame above — a figure whose
circuit stops doing what its caption says at any setting stops the build.
Called by 3 essays
which is the blast radius of changing it
The corner where averaging stops working
Average N samples and the noise falls by √N. That is a statement about independent samples, and flicker noise's samples are not independent — its correlation extends over every time scale, which is what a spectrum with no bottom means. Measured on the same seeded stream filtered and not: the white sequence falls as the −0.510 power of the block length and the pink one as the −0.087 power, so a thousand-sample average buys a factor of 36.9 on one and 2.1 on the other.
The sample that is subtracted
Three rungs of this argument have measured floors that no gain moves and no filter reaches, because both arrive as numbers already sampled. One of them can be subtracted: the reset level a capacitor holds is the same number in two consecutive samples and cancels exactly. What it costs is that the amplifier's own noise is not — two samples of it are independent, so its variance doubles. That is thirty times better at a megahertz, a loss above sixty, and the crossing is the one the rung below computed for a different question.
The capacitor that remembers
Charge a capacitor, short it for ten seconds, open it, and it climbs back to a fifth of a per cent of where it was. Nothing leaked and nothing was gained: some of the dielectric had not finished discharging. The same defect measured as an admittance says the part is 0.593 per cent more capacitance at a tenth of a millihertz than at a kilohertz, and measured in a sample-and-hold it says a millisecond of hold costs a hundred parts per million — thirteen bits, on a part specified at nothing.