A 100 ms pulse through a 0.159 Hz corner, 9.52% shorter by the end of it
Drawn above at its default parameters, which is almost never how an essay calls it. A placement states the numbers that essay is arguing about, so the figure a reader meets is about that argument rather than about the generator — 98% of the placements on this site pass one, and the phase that raised that number from 12% found eight captions describing a figure the page was not showing.
At those defaults the edge it states is 1% needs 10.1 ms or shorter — the right-hand slot
of the caption strip, which on this site is never used for anything else, and which is read
back out of the drawing above rather than out of the code that wrote it.
It belongs to Measurement, which is a circuit on a circuit, which is to say a change to it is a
change to lib/figures/instruments.js.
It takes a slider on pulse width (milliseconds) with 7 settings,
and every one of them has passed the same assertions as the frame above — a figure whose
circuit stops doing what its caption says at any setting stops the build.
Called by 3 essays
which is the blast radius of changing it
The corner that says nothing about an edge
An AC-coupled input is sold on a low-frequency corner, and a corner is a statement about steady sinusoids. What an instrument is usually shown is a pulse, and for a pulse the number is a sag: a hundred-millisecond pulse through a 0.159 hertz corner comes out 9.5 per cent shorter than it went in. A one per cent flat top needs a pulse rate 625 times the corner, which is a constant with no component in it — and above fifty per cent duty an AC-coupled pulse never reaches half its own height at all.
The corner the instrument has no part in
Three rungs of this argument measured a three-amplifier instrumentation amplifier's rejection at direct current and found 95 dB, of which the resistors' matching decides one part and the amplifiers' own mismatch another. Connect it to a source with a kilohm of imbalance and ten picofarads at each input and the rejection has a corner at 290 Hz and falls twenty decibels a decade after it — reaching 84 dB at a kilohertz on an instrument that is still doing 95. What converts common mode to differential is the difference of two time constants, and the cure is a capacitor on the quiet input.
Shorted instead of opened, and the error changes sign
The same construction with the other capacitors shorted rather than removed sums the reciprocals of the products, and that sum is the ratio of the denominator's two HIGHEST coefficients — the negated sum of the poles, exact to a part in 10¹². Divided by 2π it estimates the lower corner of a band, and it is 16.6 per cent HIGH with three coupling capacitors and never once low. Two settings of the slider give the same three time constants in a different order, the same sum, and corners two per cent apart.