Generator

The same three stages, in two orders

computed by solving, not by drawing by Friis's cascade. With the low-noise amplifier first the chain's noise figure is 1.31 dB; with the mixer first it is 10.01 dB. The gain is identical either way — 50.0 dB — so the 8.70 dB is bought with nothing but an ordering. Everything after the first stage contributes 6.9% of the total.
The same three stages, in two orderscomputed by solving, not by drawing by Friis's cascade. With the low-noise amplifier first the chain's noise figure is 1.31 dB; with the mixer first it is 10.01 dB. The gain is identical either way — 50.0 dB — so the 8.70 dB is bought with nothing but an ordering. Everything after the first stage contributes 6.9% of the total.quiet stage first — noise figure 1.31 dBlow-noise amplifier1.2589mixer0.0900intermediate amplifier0.0030noisy stage first — noise figure 10.01 dBmixer10.0000low-noise amplifier0.0259intermediate amplifier0.0030each bar is that stage's contribution to the noise factor, after division by the gain in front of itsolved, then checked — contributions, not totals8.7 dB from an ordering

Drawn above at its default parameters, which is almost never how an essay calls it. A placement states the numbers that essay is arguing about, so the figure a reader meets is about that argument rather than about the generator — 98% of the placements on this site pass one, and the phase that raised that number from 12% found eight captions describing a figure the page was not showing.

At those defaults the edge it states is 8.7 dB from an ordering — the right-hand slot of the caption strip, which on this site is never used for anything else, and which is read back out of the drawing above rather than out of the code that wrote it. It belongs to The floor, and what is under it, which is to say a change to it is a change to lib/figures/noise.js. It takes a slider on cable loss in front (decibels) with 6 settings, and every one of them has passed the same assertions as the frame above — a figure whose circuit stops doing what its caption says at any setting stops the build.

Called by 4 essays

which is the blast radius of changing it

The floor a circuit has

A resistor's noise is 4kTR and there is nothing to choose about it. An amplifier adds two generators that belong to the device — 4 nV/√Hz in series with its input and 0.6 pA/√Hz across it — and because one matters most into a small source and the other into a large one, there is a source resistance at which their sum is least. It is 6.67 kΩ, it is the ratio of the two, and it is not the resistance that transfers maximum power.

The floor, which bounds from below

The loss in front, counted twice

A decibel of cable before an amplifier costs a decibel of signal, which everybody expects, and a decibel of noise figure, which is a separate decibel arriving from a separate place. Measured across the slider it is exact: 1.31 dB of chain noise figure becomes 2.31 with one decibel of cable and 9.31 with eight, every time, while the 8.70 dB that stage ordering is worth does not move at all. A lossless reactive network in the same position costs nothing, because only the real part of an impedance is warm.

The floor, which bounds from below

The bowl, and the bottom of it

An amplifier's noise figure has a minimum against source resistance and its input-referred noise has none: the 4 nV/√Hz part reads 1.138 dB into 6.67 kΩ and 10.41 dB into 100 Ω, and is 2.81 times noisier in volts at the first. The bowl is one shape scaled by its own depth, so the quieter the part the flatter it is — ±30.1 times for a decibel on the best of four, ±2.16 on the worst — and three parts of equal eₙiₙ share a floor of 0.3138 dB at optima 16 times apart.

The floor, which bounds from below

The cable that hides two things

A length of cable improves a return-loss reading by twice its loss and raises a noise figure by once it, so the rule of thumb is two decibels of apparent match per decibel of floor. Both halves are owned here and neither essay had the other. Put together they say what an acceptance limit costs: making a 4.0:1 load read 1.50:1 spends 6.53 decibels of noise figure, against a mismatch that was itself costing 1.938 — and the exchange rate is not two but 2(1−Γ²)/(1+Γ²), which is 0.94 where a pad is actually short.

Lines, where a wire has a length

Every generator